2010年3月7日星期日

企业会计准则第18号--所得税

企业会计准则第18号--所得税 Accounting Standards for Enterprises No. 18 - Income Taxes
财会[2006]第3号 Cai Kuai [2006] No. 3
第一章 总则 Chapter I General Provisions
第一条为了规范企业所得税的确认、计量和相关信息的列报,根据《企业会计准则--基本准则》,制定本准则。 Article 1With a view to regulating the recognition and measurement of enterprise income taxes and the presentation of relevant information, the present Standards are formulated according to the Accounting Standards for Enterprises - Basic Standards.
第二条本准则所称所得税包括企业以应纳税所得额为基础的各种境内和境外税额。 Article 2The "income taxes" as mentioned in the present Standards shall include all types of domestic and oversea tax amounts based on the amounts of taxable income of enterprises.
第三条本准则不涉及政府补助的确认和计量,但因政府补助产生暂时性差异的所得税影响,应当按照本准则进行确认和计量。 Article 3The present Standards shall not cover the recognition and measurement of government subsidies. But the temporary difference of income tax arising from government subsidies shall be recognized and measured according to the present Standard.
第二章 计税基础 Chapter II Tax Base
第四条企业在取得资产、负债时,应当确定其计税基础。 Article 4Where an enterprise obtains assets or liabilities, it shall determine its tax base.
资产、负债的账面价值与其计税基础存在差异的,应当按照本准则规定确认所产生的递延所得税资产或递延所得税负债。 Where there is difference between the carrying amount of the assets or liabilities and its tax base, the deferred income tax assets or the deferred income tax liabilities shall be determined according to the present Standards.
第五条资产的计税基础,是指企业收回资产账面价值过程中,计算应纳税所得额时按照税法规定可以自应税经济利益中抵扣的金额。 Article 5The "tax base of an asset" shall refer to the amount which may be deducted from the taxable benefits when the amount of taxable income is calculated according to the tax law provisions during the course of the enterprise' recovering the carrying amount of the asset.
第六条负债的计税基础,是指负债的账面价值减去未来期间计算应纳税所得额时按照税法规定可予抵扣的金额。 Article 6The "tax base of an liability" shall refer to the carrying amount of a liability minus the amount that can be deducted according to the tax law when the amount of taxable income is calculated in the future period.
第三章 暂时性差异 Chapter III Temporary Difference
第七条暂时性差异,是指资产或负债的账面价值与其计税基础之间的差额; Article 7The "temporary difference" shall refer to the difference between the carrying amount of an asset or liability and its tax base.
未作为资产和负债确认的项目,按照税法规定可以确定其计税基础的,该计税基础与其账面价值之间的差额也属于暂时性差异。 As for an item that has not been recognized as an asset or liability, if its tax base can be determined in light of the tax law, the difference between the tax base and its carrying amount shall also be a temporary difference.
按照暂时性差异对未来期间应税金额的影响,分为应纳税暂时性差异和可抵扣暂时性差异。 Pursuant to the effect of temporary differences on taxable amounts during future periods, they can be classified into taxable temporary differences and deductible temporary differences.
第八条应纳税暂时性差异,是指在确定未来收回资产或清偿负债期间的应纳税所得额时,将导致产生应税金额的暂时性差异。 Article 8The term "taxable temporary difference" shall refer to temporary differences that will result in taxable amounts in the future when the carrying amount of the asset is recovered or the liability is settled.
第九条可抵扣暂时性差异,是指在确定未来收回资产或清偿负债期间的应纳税所得额时,将导致产生可抵扣金额的暂时性差异。 Article 9The term "deductible temporary difference" shall refer to temporary differences that will result in amounts that are deductible in the future when the carrying amount of the asset is recovered or the liability is settled.
第四章 确认 Chapter IV Recognition
第十条企业应当将当期和以前期间应交未交的所得税确认为负债,将已支付的所得税超过应支付的部分确认为资产。 Article 10An enterprise shall recognize the accrued income tax of the current period and prior periods as a liability, and shall recognize the part of the income tax already paid minus the payable amount as an asset.
存在应纳税暂时性差异或可抵扣暂时性差异的,应当按照本准则规定确认递延所得税负债或递延所得税资产。 Where there is any taxable temporary difference or deductible temporary difference, it shall be recognized as a deferred income tax liability or deferred income tax asset according to the present Standards.
第十一条除下列交易中产生的递延所得税负债以外,企业应当确认所有应纳税暂时性差异产生的递延所得税负债: Article 11Except for the deferred income tax liabilities arising from the following transactions, an enterprise shall recognize the deferred income tax liabilities arising from all taxable temporary differences:
(一)商誉的初始确认。 (1)the initial recognition of business reputation;
(二)同时具有下列特征的交易中产生的资产或负债的初始确认: (2)the initial recognition of assets or liabilities arising from the following transactions which are simultaneously featured by the following:
1.该项交易不是企业合并; (a) The transaction is not business combination;
2.交易发生时既不影响会计利润也不影响应纳税所得额(或可抵扣亏损)。 (b) At the time of transaction, the accounting profits will not be affected, nor will the taxable amount (or the deductible loss) be affected.
与子公司、联营企业及合营企业的投资相关的应纳税暂时性差异产生的递延所得税负债,应当按照本准则第十二条的规定确认。 The deferred income tax liabilities arising from the taxable temporary differences related to the investments of subsidiary companies, associated enterprises and contractual enterprises shall be recognized according to Article 12 of the present Standard.
第十二条企业对与子公司、联营企业及合营企业投资相关的应纳税暂时性差异,应当确认相应的递延所得税负债。但是,同时满足下列条件的除外: Article 12The taxable temporary differences related to the investments of subsidiary companies, associated enterprises and joint enterprises shall recognize corresponding deferred income tax liabilities. However, those that can simultaneously meet the following conditions shall be excluded:
(一)投资企业能够控制暂时性差异转回的时间; (1)The investing enterprise can control the time of the reverse of temporary differences; and
(二)该暂时性差异在可预见的未来很可能不会转回。 (2)The temporary differences are unlikely to be reversed in the excepted future.
第十三条企业应当以很可能取得用来抵扣可抵扣暂时性差异的应纳税所得额为限,确认由可抵扣暂时性差异产生的递延所得税资产。 Article 13An enterprise shall recognize the deferred income tax liabilities arising from a deductible temporary difference to the extent of the amount of the taxable income which it is most likely to obtain and which can be deducted from the deductible temporary difference.
但是,同时具有下列特征的交易中因资产或负债的初始确认所产生的递延所得税资产不予确认: However, the deferred income tax assets, which are arising from the initial recognition of assets or liabilities during a transaction which is simultaneously featured by the following, shall not be recognized:
(一)该项交易不是企业合并; (1)This transaction is not business combination; and
(二)交易发生时既不影响会计利润也不影响应纳税所得额(或可抵扣亏损)。 (2)At the time of transaction, the accounting profits will not be affected, nor will the taxable amount (or the deductible loss) be affected.
资产负债表日,有确凿证据表明未来期间很可能获得足够的应纳税所得额用来抵扣可抵扣暂时性差异的,应当确认以前期间未确认的递延所得税资产。 On the balance sheet date, where there is any exact evidence showing that it is likely to acquire sufficient amount of taxable income tax in a future period to offset against the deductible temporary difference, the deferred income tax assets unrecognized in prior periods shall be recognized.
第十四条企业对与子公司、联营企业及合营企业投资相关的可抵扣暂时性差异,同时满足下列条件的,应当确认相应的递延所得税资产: Article 14Where the deductible temporary difference related to the investments of the subsidiary companies, associated enterprises and joint enterprises can meet the following requirements simultaneously, the enterprise shall recognize the corresponding deferred income tax assets:
(一)暂时性差异在可预见的未来很可能转回; (1)The temporary differences are likely to be reversed in the expected future; and
(二)未来很可能获得用来抵扣可抵扣暂时性差异的应纳税所得额。 (2)It is likely to acquire any amount of taxable income tax that may be used for making up the deductible temporary differences.
第十五条企业对于能够结转以后年度的可抵扣亏损和税款抵减,应当以很可能获得用来抵扣可抵扣亏损和税款抵减的未来应纳税所得额为限,确认相应的递延所得税资产。 Article 15As for any deductible loss or tax deduction that can be carried forward to the next year, the corresponding deferred income tax assets shall be determined to the extent that the amount of future taxable income to be offset by the deductible loss or tax deduction to be likely obtained.
第五章 计量 Chapter V Measurement
第十六条资产负债表日,对于当期和以前期间形成的当期所得税负债(或资产),应当按照税法规定计算的预期应交纳(或返还)的所得税金额计量。 Article 16On the balance sheet day, the current income tax liabilities (or assets) incurred in the current period or prior periods shall be measured in light of the expected payable (refundable) amount of income taxes according to the tax law.
第十七条资产负债表日,对于递延所得税资产和递延所得税负债,应当根据税法规定,按照预期收回该资产或清偿该负债期间的适用税率计量。 Article 17On the balance sheet day, the deferred income tax assets and deferred income tax liabilities shall be measured at the tax rate applicable to the period during which the assets are expected to be recovered or the liabilities are expected to be settled.
适用税率发生变化的,应对已确认的递延所得税资产和递延所得税负债进行重新计量,除直接在所有者权益中确认的交易或者事项产生的递延所得税资产和递延所得税负债以外,应当将其影响数计入变化当期的所得税费用。 In case the applicable tax rate changes, the deferred income tax assets and deferred income tax liabilities which have been recognized shall be re-measured, excluding the deferred income tax assets and deferred income tax liabilities arising from any transaction or event directly recognized as the owners' right

s and interests, and the amount affected by them shall be recorded into the income tax expenses of the current period during which the change occurs.
第十八条递延所得税资产和递延所得税负债的计量,应当反映资产负债表日企业预期收回资产或清偿负债方式的所得税影响,即在计量递延所得税资产和递延所得税负债时,应当采用与收回资产或清偿债务的预期方式相一致的税率和计税基础。 Article 18The measurement of deferred income tax assets and deferred income tax liabilities shall reflect the effect of the expected asset recovery or liability settlement method on the balance sheet day on the income taxes, i.e. the tax rate and tax base, which is adopted at the time of measurement of the deferred income tax assets and deferred income tax liabilities and shall be identical with those of expected asset recovery or liability settlement method.
第十九条企业不应当对递延所得税资产和递延所得税负债进行折现。 Article 19An enterprise shall not discount any deferred income tax asset or deferred income tax liability.
第二十条资产负债表日,企业应当对递延所得税资产的账面价值进行复核。如果未来期间很可能无法获得足够的应纳税所得额用以抵扣递延所得税资产的利益,应当减记递延所得税资产的账面价值。 Article 20The carrying amount of deferred income tax assets shall be reexamined on balance sheet day. If it is unlikely to obtain sufficient taxable income taxes to offset the benefit of the deferred income tax assets, the carrying amount of the deferred income tax assets shall be written down.
在很可能获得足够的应纳税所得额时,减记的金额应当转回。 When it is probable to obtain sufficient taxable income taxes, such write-down amount shall be subsequently reversed.
第二十一条企业当期所得税和递延所得税应当作为所得税费用或收益计入当期损益,但不包括下列情况产生的所得税: Article 21The income taxes of the current period and deferred income tax of an enterprise shall be treated as income tax expenses or incomes, and shall be recorded into the current profits and losses, excluding the income taxes incurred under the following circumstances:
(一)企业合并。 (1)the business combination; and
(二)直接在所有者权益中确认的交易或者事项。 (2)the transactions or events directly recognized as the owner's rights and interests.
第二十二条与直接计入所有者权益的交易或者事项相关的当期所得税和递延所得税,应当计入所有者权益。 Article 22The income taxes of the current period and deferred income tax related to the transactions or events directly recorded in the owner's rights and interests shall be recorded into the owner's rights and interests.
第六章 列报 Chapter VI Presentation
第二十三条递延所得税资产和递延所得税负债应当分别作为非流动资产和非流动负债在资产负债表中列示。 Article 23The deferred income tax assets and deferred income tax liabilities shall be respectively presented as the non-current assets and non-current liabilities in the balance sheet.
第二十四条所得税费用应当在利润表中单独列示。 Article 24The income tax expenses shall be presented separately in the profit statement.
第二十五条企业应当在附注中披露与所得税有关的下列信息: Article 25An enterprise shall, in its notes, disclose the following information related to the income taxes:
(一)所得税费用(收益)的主要组成部分。 (1)the main constituent parts of the income tax expenses (incomes);
(二)所得税费用(收益)与会计利润关系的说明。 (2)a statement of the relationship between the income tax expenses (incomes) and the accounting profits;
(三)未确认递延所得税资产的可抵扣暂时性差异、可抵扣亏损的金额(如果存在到期日,还应披露到期日)。 (3)the amounts of deductible temporary difference or deductible loss of unrecognized deferred income tax assets (if there is a date due, it shall disclose the date due);
(四)对每一类暂时性差异和可抵扣亏损,在列报期间确认的递延所得税资产或递延所得税负债的金额,确认递延所得税资产的依据。 (4)every category of temporary difference and deductible loss, the amount of the deferred income tax assets or deferred income tax liabilities which are recognized during the presentation period, and the basis for the recognition of the deferred income tax assets; and
(五)未确认递延所得税负债的,与对子公司、联营企业及合营企业投资相关的暂时性差异金额。 (5)as for any deferred income tax liabilities which have not been recognized, the amounts of temporary differences related to the investments of the subsidiary companies, associated enterprises and joint enterprise.

2010年2月22日星期一

追溯重述法(Retrospective Restatement)

什么是追溯重述法
  追溯重述法是指在发现前期差错时,视同该项前期差错从未发生过,从而对财务报表相关项目进行更正的方法。确定前期差错影响数不切实可行的,可以从可追溯重述的最早期间开始调整留存收益的期初余额,财务报表其他相关项目的期初余额也应当一并调整,也可以采用未来适用法,企业应当在重要的前期差错发现后的财务报表中,调整前期比较数据。

追溯重述法的步骤
  追溯重述法一般需要经过以下几个步骤:

  第一步,确认前期差错。

  第二步,确定前期差错的影响数。

  第三步,进行相关会计处理。对于发现的前期差错,如影响损益,应将其对损益的影响数调整发现当期的期初留存收益,财务报表其他相关项目的期初数也应一并调整;如不影响损益,应调整财务报表相关项目的期初数。

  第四步,调整财务报表相关项目金额。在编制比较财务报表时,对于比较财务报表期间的前期差错,应调整各该期间的净损益和其他相关项目,视同该差错在产生的当期已经更正;对于比较财务报表期间以前的前期差错,应调整比较财务报表最早期间的期初留存收益,财务报表其他相关项目的数字也应一并调整。

  第五步,在财务报表附注中披露会计差错。企业应在财务报表中就前期差错披露以下内容:前期差错的性质;各个列报前期财务报表中受影响的项目名称和更正金额;无法进行重溯重述的,说明该事实和原因以及对前期差错开始进行更正的时点和具体更正情况。

[编辑]
追溯重述法下的账表调整[1]
  《企业会计准则第28号-会计政策、会计估计变更和差错更正》对追溯重述法作了如下定义:“追溯重述法,是指在发现前期差错时,视同该项前期差错从未发生过,从而对财务报表相关项目进行更正的方法”。现以与年度财务报表相关的、调账同时调整资产负债表和利润表为例,介绍账表分别调整的步骤和方法:

  第一步,确定调整事项。调整事项即发现的重要前期差错,以及前期差错对财务报表各有关项目和连带处理事项(如所得税、利润分配等)的影响,据此,应列出调整事项目录。

  第二步,编制调整分录。调整分录应按调账分录、资产负债表年初数调整分录和利润表调整分录分别编制:

  1.调整发现前期差错的当期账务:

  (1)调增前期(指以前年度,下同)利润(或调减前期亏损,下同)的,借记有关科目,贷记“以前年度损益调整”科目;调减前期利润(或调增前期亏损,下同)的,作相反分录。

  (2)因调增利润而需要相应调增所得税的,借记“以前年度损益调整”科目,贷记“应交税金———应交所得税”(或“递延所得税负债”、“递延所得税资产”,下同)科目;因调减利润而相应调减所得税的,作相反分录。

  (3)因调增净利润而因应补提盈余公积的,借记“利润分配———未分配利润”科目,贷记“盈余公积———法定盈余公积”科目;因调减净利润而应冲回已提盈余公积的,作相反分录。

  (4)调整完毕,将“以前年度损益调整”科目余额转入“利润分配———未分配利润”科目,“以前年度损益调整”科目期末应无余额。

  (5)更正调整时不涉及损益的,则借或贷记除“以前年度损益调整”以外其他相关科目。

  以上调账分录,应与发现差错当期日常分录一并登记总账和明细账。

   2.调整发现前期差错当期的资产负债表“年初余额”(简称年初数):

  (1)调增前期利润的,借记资产负债表的有关项目,贷记“未分配利润”项目;调减前期利润的,作相反分录。

  (2)因调增利润而需要相应调增所得税的,借记“未分配利润”项目,贷记“应交税金”(或“递延所得税负债”、“递延所得税资产”,下同)项目;调减所得税的,作相反分录。

  (3)应补提法定盈余公积的,借记“未分配利润”项目,贷记“盈余公积”项目;冲回已提盈余公积的,作相反分录。

  (4)调整更正不涉及损益的,则借记和贷记资产负债表中除未分配利润中涉及损益内容以外的其他相关项目。

  3.调整前期差错发现当期的利润表“上期金额”(简称上年数):

  (1)涉及上年度损益的,按调增上年利润额,借记“净利润”项目,贷记有关损益项目;调减上年度利润的,作相反分录。

  (2)因调增利润而相应调增所得税费用的,借记该项目,贷记“净利润”项目;因调减利润而相应调减所得税费用的,作相反分录。

  (3)调整不涉及损益的前期差错、调整上年度以前(不含上年度)差错、调整只涉及利润分配的差错,均不调整利润表。

  第三步,编制调表工作底稿。该工作底稿,在注册会计师《财务报表审计工作底稿编制指南》中称为“试算平衡表”。具体设计时,横向可设置“项目”、“调整前金额”、“调整分录(借方、贷方)”、“调整后金额”数栏,纵向按资产负债表或利润表的各具体项目排列。底稿格式设定后,应将财务报表各项目调整前金额过入并试算平衡。然后,再将已编制的调表分录分别过入工作底稿“调整分录”各有关项目,结出财务报表各项目的“调整后金额”,并再次试算平衡。

  第四步,调整当年财务报表的年初数和上年数。此项调整无须编制调整分录和作专门计算,具体做法只是从调整工作底稿编制的当月起,即以调表工作底稿各项目的“调整后金额”,作为当期及以后各期的年初数、上年数。


http://wiki.mbalib.com/wiki/%E8%BF%BD%E6%BA%AF%E9%87%8D%E8%BF%B0%E6%B3%95

追溯调整法(Retrospective Application/Retroactive Adjustment)

追溯调整法是指对某项交易或事项变更会计政策,视同该项交易或事项初次发生时即采用变更后的会计政策,并以此对财务报表相关项目进行调整的方法[1]。

  采用追溯调整法时,将会计政策变更累积影响数调整列报前期最早期初留存收益,其他相关项目的期初余额和列报前期披露的其他比较数据也应当一并调整。

[编辑]
追溯调整法的步骤
  追溯调整法在会计处理时有四个步骤:

  1、计算确定会计政策变更的累积影响数

  会计政策变更累积影响数,是指按照变更后的会计政策对以前各期追溯计算的列报前期最早期初留存收益应有金额与现有金额之间的差额。留存收益包括当年和以前年度的未分配利润和按照相关法律规定提取并累积的盈余公积。调整期初留存收益是指对期初未分配利润和盈余公积两个项目的调整。

  2006年1月1日起施行的新《中华人民共和国公司法》,取消了提取法定公益金的规定。

  2、进行相关的账务处理,即将累计影响数及相关项目记录到变更年度中。

  3、调整会计报表相关项目

  企业在会计政策变更当年,应当调整资产负债表年初留存收益,以及利润表上年数栏有关项目。

  4、附注说明

[编辑]
追溯调整法的运用举例
  甲公司从2007年1月1日起执行企业会计准则,从2007年1月1日起,所得税的核算方法由应付税款法改为资产负债表债务法,所得税率为33%。2006年末,资产负债表中应收账款账面价值为800万元,计税基础为900万元;固定资产账面价值为2000万元,计税基础为2200万元;预计负债的账面价值为300万元,计税基础为0。假定甲公司按10%提取法定公积金。

  按照规定,在首次执行日对资产、负债的账面价值与计税基础不同形成的暂时性差异的所得税影响进行追溯调整,并将影响金额调整留存收益。

  1、计算累计影响数,确认递延所得税资产

  1)应收账款项目产生的可抵扣暂时性差异=900—800=100(万元)

  递延所得税资产余额=100×33%=33(万元)

  2)固定资产项目产生的可抵扣暂时性差异=2200—2000=200(万元)

  递延所得税资产余额=200×33%=66(万元)

  3)预计负债项目产生的可抵扣暂时性差异=300(万元)

递延所得税资产余额=300×33%=99(万元)
递延所得税资产合计=33+66+99=198(万元)
  2、2007年进行相关的账务处理

  1)调整累计影响数

借:递延所得税资产 198
  贷:利润分配——未分配利润 198
  2)由于净利润的增加调增的盈余公积

借:利润分配——未分配利润 19.8
  贷:盈余公积 (198×10%) 19.8
  3、调整会计报表相关项目

            利润表(部分项目)
  编制单位:甲公司 2007年度 单位:万元

项目 上年数
   调整前 调整数 调整后
利润总额 (略) (略) (略)
减:所得税费用    -198
净利润    198   
            资产负债表(部分项目)
  编制单位:甲公司 2007年12月31日 单位:万元

资产 年初数 负债和所
有者权益 年初数
调整前 调整数 调整后 调整前 调整数 调整后
            盈余公积 (略) 19.8 (略)
递延所得
税资产 (略) 198 (略) 未分配利润 (略) 178.2 (略)
  4、编写会计报表附注

  企业应当在附注中披露与会计政策变更有关的下列信息:

会计政策变更的性质、内容和原因;
当期和各个列报前期财务报表中受影响的项目名称和调整金额;
无法进行追溯调整的,说明该事实和原因以及开始应用变更后的会计政策的时点。

(http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6814757689643949920)

2010年2月13日星期六

贴现(Discount)

贴现是指远期汇票经承兑后,汇票持有人在汇票尚未到期前在贴现市场上转让,受让人扣除贴现息后将票款付给出让人的行为。或银行购买未到期票据的业务。

贴现(Discount)

贴现概述
  一般而言,票据贴现可以分为三种,分别是贴现、转贴现和再贴现。
  贴现是指银行承兑汇票的持票人在汇票到期日前,为了取得资金,贴付一定利息将票据权利转让给银行的票据行为,是银行向持票人融通资金的一种方式。
  贴现的性质:贴现是银行的一项资产业务,汇票的支付人对银行负债,银行实际上是与付款人有一种间接贷款关系。
  贴现的利率:在人民银行现行的再贴现利率的基础上进行上浮,贴现的利率是市场价格,由双方协商确定,但最高不能超过现行的贷款利率。
  贴现利息的计算:贴现利息是汇票的收款人在票据到期前为获取票款向贴现银行支付的利息,计算方式是:贴现利息=贴现金额x贴现率x贴现期限

贴现申请人必须具备的条件
  (1) 在贴现行开立存款帐户的企业法人或其他经济组织;
  (2) 与出票人或直接前手之间有真实的商品交易关系;
  (3) 能够提供与其直接前手之间的增值税发票(按规定不能出具增值税发票的除外)和商品发运单据复印件。
贴现申请人需提供的资料
  持票人办理汇票贴现业务时,需填写《商业汇票贴现申请书》,加盖公章和法人代表人章(或授权代理人章)后提交开户行,并提供以下资料:
  (1) 未到期且要式完整的银行承兑汇票;
  (2) 贴现申请人的《企业法人营业执照》或《营业执照》复印件;
  (3) 持票人与出票人或其直接前手之间的增值税发票(对因《中华人民共和国增值税暂行条例》所列不得出具增值税发票的商品交易,无增值税发票作附件的,可由申请人提交足以证明其具有真实商品交易关系的其他书面材料)和商品发运单据复印件;
  (4) 贴现银行认为需要提供的其他资料。

贴现期限
  贴现的期限从其贴现之日起至汇票到期日止,期限最长不超过6个月。实付贴现金额按票面金额扣除贴现日至汇票到期前一日的利息计算。

贴现利率
  贴现利率按人民银行规定执行。按商业银行同档次流动资金贷款利率下浮3个百分点执行。

关于贴现回购
  票据贴现回购业务:是指当卖方企业(持票人)临时资金短缺时,持未到期票据来我行办理贴现业务,票据贴现后至到期日前,当客户资金充足时可按与银行约定归还票面金额,赎回票据。企业贴现回购分为定期回购和不定期回购。

适用对象
生产或经营规模较大,产品或企业经营服务有较大的市场需求,存在季节性供需不平衡或其他业务而产生的不定期票据或资金结算的各类企业。

业务申请条件
  1、据真实,记载符合支付结算办法规定;
  2、持票企业与其前手企业间具有真实的商品交易关系;
  3、申请贴现商业承兑汇票的,出票企业应满足我行商票贴现授信条件;
  4、持票企业与银行签定贴现回购业务(定期或不定期协议书
  5、持票企业在银行开立存款账户。

办理程序
  1、持票企业提供票据原件由银行代为查询,确定真实性;
  2、持票企业填写贴现申请书、贴现凭证;
  3、持票企业提供与交易相关的合同、交易发票;
  4、商业承兑汇票贴现前由银行对出票企业进行授信审查;
  5、银行审核票据及资料;
  6、银行计收利息,发放贴现款。
  7、按协议约定日,企业归还票据款,银行向企业归还票据并退还未使用资金利息。

贴现的计算方法
汇票面值-汇票面值*贴现率*(贴现日-汇票到期日)/365
假设你有一张100万的汇票,今天是6月5日,汇票到期日是8月20日,则你贴现后得到的金额如下:
100-100*3.24%*76/365=99.325万
有的银行按月率计算,则:
100-100*3.24%*3/12=99.19万

2010年2月11日星期四

退出战略(Exit strategy)

通常指在经济不好时为摆脱困境而采取的战略。而政府或央行考虑的退出战略是指,妥善回收在发生全球金融危机时投入市场的过剩资金,避免其在经济开始复苏时引发通货膨胀等副作用的方法。具体方法包括上调基准利率、调整银行的存款准备金率等。